Astronomy is very fascinating subject; it grabs attention of everybody easily. Nowadys, everyone living in small towns to big metropolitan city spend most of the time in light pollution and in front of screens. So, it’s rarely that someone get to look upward in the sky. It is also due to rapid and busy lifestyle of everyone including school going children that people did not get opportunities to observe sky and its beauty. When sky was not polluted by the lights people still used to watch sky occasionally and get mesmerised. It is not necessary to understand astronomy in detail to look at sky and stars. It is part of our natural beauties and meant something to enjoy.
![]() |
| Milky Way in sky |
You just need a sky and curiosity to start. Take
some time, any time to observe sky. No matter where you stay in big cities or
small town. In daytime you can start simple look at the sky in morning and
evening just have a look where sun is rising and setting. Colour of sky and
sun. Similarly, in night times look for the moon and its size (phase) and its
position in the sky. Also look for the any bright stars in the sky. Find some
simple atlas for the sky. Nowadays we have apps available in the mobile which
can help us to provide immense information about the sky and show exact
position of stars, planets and moon. It is easy tool. One thing is required
with these applications that consistency with sky observation and then start
identifying stars and constellations by yourself only.
Sun- Sun make its presence in sky due to its light. Sun
shaped our world physically and mentally. Every living organism on earth is
connected to the sun. Our life cycle, day to day living everything is connected
to the sun. So, sun is the prominent object where you can connect yourself and
everything happening in your surrounding like length of the day and season
pattern throughout the year.
When you wake up just look for the direction where sun
rises. Mark that place with some landmark like tree, building, hill or any
unmovable point for your observation. Take frequent look of sun with reference to
your fixed point and notice does sun really rises at same point and time every
day or not. It will be good if you make this practice daily and if you miss it
for two or three days or even for a week don’t worry. You can still carry on
with your observation.
Sun moves daily northward or southward throughout the year. It makes day and night length changes. It also makes a season patterns. If you live in northern hemisphere, you will notice that from March onwards day length start increasing and nighttime decreases. by the 21st of June month day length increases maximum after June day length start decreases till September and night length increases and they become equal on 21st September. Day length further decreases till 21st December and nighttime become maximum. From here again day length start increases till 21st March where day and night length becomes equal, and it goes on cyclic rotation throughout the years.
![]() |
| Sun changes path through out the year |
It is simple observation which comes in our experience.
Moon- Second object in our sky is the moon which makes it
presence noticeable to anyone. If you observe moon daily it does not appear in
sky everyday same time and same location. It creates confusion for layman. Many
thinks that moon rises in any direction. But like sun, moon also has its motion
in the sky. Moon is much closer than sun to us, so it moves faster than sun.
Moon is faster than any natural object in the sky. Its size changes every day.
You can start from any day to observe moon, but it is good
to start from Full moon. Full moon rises in east in evening when sun sets in
the west. It is round some time it appears larger in size and sometimes smaller
in size. It depends on its distance in its orbit. Sometimes it is at farthest
point and sometimes at nearest point from Earth. In next day it will rise
little late around fifty minutes late in east. You can notice it is shorter at
one edge as if someone cursed him. Next day it will again rise late again by
fifty minutes with even shorter edge. This goes on for next few days. On
fifteenth day it reaches in the vicinity of sun in the sky and very difficult
to observe. Then on next day it will appear very thin in size on the western
horizon after sun set. After this day Moon start regaining its size. If you
fixed time for your observation let’s say at 6 pm you will find moon at
different places in the sky shifting its position towards east day by
day.
![]() |
| Moon changing phase from waxin crescent to waxing gibbous to full moon |
Changing positions with changing size moon worked like a clock from the very beginning for humans. When our ancestors were living in jungle moons cycle guide them when to plan hunting and when to stay inside the cave. When the agricultural era started moon helped to calendarize day to day activities and festivals. Nowadays also we celebrate our festivals based on the moon and one can find roots of these celebrations in the very beginning of human civilization.
Planets- From eight planets of our solar system we can see
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn with our naked eyes. Mercury shows
itself for very little time because it is very close to the sun. To search Saturn,
you need to deliberate efforts to find it as it is little fainter than other
planets. Venus makes its appearance vey starkly after moon. They appear as very
bright stars. Venus could be seen often as a bright evening star after sunset
in evening or as a morning star before sunrise in the early morning. Jupiter
when in opposition can be seen as in form of very bright star in the night sky.
Mars makes news when it starts appearing in the earth's sky. In every two years
it comes closes to earth in its orbit at that time it appears as a bright red
star in the sky.
![]() |
| Moon and Venus after sunset at west horizon |
Constellations- constellations are patterns we humans made in the sky for the story telling. But later these constellations helped to locate different parts of sky for the astronomy related observations. In different seasons you can see different constellations. Like in northern hemispheres during winter season Tauras, Orion, Pleiades, Cassiopia make their prominent presence in the sky. In summer season on can observe Ursa Major, Leo, Scorpio, Sagittarius, and Cygnus constellations.
Finding north- For beginners finding north pole star can be
exciting activity. Ursa major and Cassiopia help to identify poles star in
different seasons. In summer season find Ursa Major. It is difficult to observe
entire constellation in city sky, but you can easily see seven stars which are
part of Ursa major. These seven stars aligned in shape of ladle, four stars in
shape of bowl and three are in shape of its handle. Connect two stars of front
side of bowl with imaginary line and extend this line to upside of bowl shape
and it will lead you to the pole star.
| Finding pole start with Cassiopeia and Ursa Major |
Cassiopia's bright stars appear in shape of English letter M when it rises on east and as sky turn towards west it becomes inverted in shape of W. These stars have different luminosity. You start counting 1 to 5 in decreasing order of brightness. 1 for brightest and 5 for dimmest. Then take imaginary line connecting star number 3 and 4. draw an imaginary perpendicular on this line and this perpendicular will take you to the pole star and geographical north direction.
Begin with these simple activities to start with the sky observations
and keep looking up.
Image source- Internet images, stellarium, PBS learning media














